Julian Calendar

MM = 2000

This is neither the astronomical-Julian calendar nor the Microsoft-Julian calendar.  They are something completely different.  What this is is the classical Julian calendar.

The Julian calendar begins with March as the first month of the year.  Each March, May, July, August, October, December, and January has 31 days.  Except for February -- the last month of the year -- each of the other months has 30 days.  Ordinarily, February has only 28 days.  Iff (= if and only if) the year is congruent to zero modulo four; it is called a leap-year and February has 29 days.  Being the last day of the year, this extra day does not affect any other dates.  Thus, there are only seven distinct years.  There is a cosmetic difference:  The day-columns begin with Monday.  Hence, the week-end actually is at the end of the week!

The Gregorian calendar further specifies that whenever the year is congruent to zero modulo 100, but the year div 100 is not zero modulo four; the February in that year has only 28 days.  Furthermore, the year begins with January.  Thus, a leap-year -- February with 29 days -- disrupts all dates in March through December of that year.  When the Gregorian calendar was established in about 1560, it took retroactively 10 leap-days.  Hence, it was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar.  Thus, there are 28 distinct years.  There is a cosmetic difference:  The day-columns begin with Sunday.  As a result of beginning the year on the first of January, the Gregorian calendar gains a year, upon the Julian calendar, during January and February.

A complication arises during a leap-year; because, the two calendars disagree upon which actual year is the leap-year.  The Gregorian calendar is one year ahead of the Julian calendar.

Time:  The Gregorian calendar begins each day at midnight = 0000 and counts up to, but not including, next midnight = 2400.
The Julian calendar begins each day at sunset = 0000 and counts proportional ("unequal") hours until sunrise = 1200.  Thus, usually begins again with sunrise = 0000 and counts proportional ("unequal") hours until the next sunset = 1200 or 2400.  As a result, the Julian calendar gains a day, upon the Gregorian calendar, between sunset and midnight.  Furthermore, time between the hours is spoken-of as being "on" the forthcoming hour.  For example, 0915 would be said to be "quarter on ten", 0920 as "twenty on ten", 0930 as "half until ten", 0945 as "without a quarter ten", and variations thereof.

By now, the Gregorian calendar is 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar.  However, leap-years introduce an ephemeral day -- for a total of 12 days -- discrepancy.
The easiest practical way of finding today's date on either calendar is to 

• Go up approximately two weeks (from the position on the Gregorian calendar) on the Julian calendar and if between sunset and midnight, go to the next day.

• If between sunset and midnight, go to the previous day.  Then go down approximately two weeks (from the position on the Julian calendar) on the Gregorian calendar.

Fortunately, the days of the week are the same in both calendars; however, their position is different -- so be careful.

I begin this calendar with June 2000; because, I was promoted to a "scholar" on Saturday the 26-th of June 2000 Julian = 08-th of July 2000 Gregorian.

It simply is too much work to make a calendar for each individual year -- here is a link to a perpetual calendar!!!  [This line added 19-IX-2004 Gregorian = 7-IX-2004 Julian.]

IV June 20001

V July 2000

VI August 2000

VII September 2000

VIII October 2000

IX November 2000

X December 2000

XI January 2000

XII February 2000

Note:  This is a leap-year.

MMI = 2001

I March 2001

Note:  Elizabethan England began the new year on the 25-th of March.  Hence, the first through the 24-th of March was in 2000.

II April 2001

III May 2001

IV June 2001

V July 2001

VI August 2001

VII September 2001

VIII October 2001

IX November 2001

X December 2001

XI January 2001

XII February 2001

MMII = 2002

I March 2002

Note:  Elizabethan England began the new year on the 25-th of March.  Hence, the first through the 24-th of March was in 2001.

II April 2002

III May 2002

IV June 2002

V July 2002

VI August 2002

Spare Year

I March 200x

Note:  Elizabethan England began the new year on the 25-th of March.  Hence, the first through the 24-th of March was in 200y.

II April 200x

III May 200x

IV June 200x

V July 200x

VI August 200x

VII September 200x

VIII October 200x

IX November 200x

X December 200x

XI January 200x

XII February 200x

Spare Months

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

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Copyright (c) 2000, 1 by R. I. 'Scibor-Marchocki. last modified on Sunday 12-th August 2001 Gregorian = 30-th July 2001 Julian.